Export Status of Karela (Bitter Gourd /Momordica charantia)
For years, Karela/Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) has been a key export product from Uganda, alongside other high-value crops such as hot peppers, chili, and white garden eggs. However, like these other crops, Karela/Bitter gourd has faced several trade issues, including quality and phytosanitary violations related to import market requirements. These issues have led to interceptions of shipments due to the presence of harmful organisms such as fruit fly (Bactrocera spp) and thrips (Thysanoptera) on or in the exported products.
These pests are globally red-listed due to their invasive nature, detrimental impact on horticulture and plant products, high vector capabilities, and the significantly high management/control costs associated with their establishment. Consequently, these pests are highly regulated by many fresh fruit and vegetable importing countries, with their introduction being prohibited.
Although the non-compliance issues for Karela/Bitter gourd have not been as frequent as those for capsicums—likely due to lower quantities and less frequent shipments—they have been significant enough to prompt reactions from trading partners. These reactions have included heightened inspection measures at points of entry into certain countries and, in some cases, outright bans on imports. As a result, market opportunities and production of Karela/Bitter gourd have been adversely affected.
To address these challenges, the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)/Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries (MAAIF) has initiated a strategy aimed at reviving the product’s compliance with SPS market standards. The proposed interventions are as follows:
- Engagement with Exporters: Discuss the current status and outline next steps.
- Exporter Training: Provide training on effective and efficient pest detection techniques.
- Farmer Database: Develop a comprehensive database of Karela/Bitter gourd farmers.
- Traceability System Enhancement: Strengthen the traceability system for better tracking.
- Pest Management Training: Educate farmers on effective pest management practices.
- Increased Pre-Export Inspections: Implement routine inspections at production sites, packing facilities, and exit/border points.
These measures will be integrated into a systems approach designed to address the identified non-conformities. Progress will be communicated to trading partners to facilitate the revival of the market for Karela/Bitter gourd.
Yuda Kasango
